5 Years Ago

Up to June 2019, Apple has made an EBIDTA (Earnings Before Interest Depreciation Tax and Amortization) of $76.5 billion (which has been a decline of 5.24% on the previous year) as its sales of the iconic iPhone start to face stiff competition and mobile phones reach saturation.



Indeed, according to GSM Intelligence (which monitors 1,400 telecom networks globally), there are 5.1 billion mobile subscriptions and 9.2 billion connections - yet the United Nations states the total world population is only 7.1 billion.
However, Apple is sitting on a cash pile of over $200 billion, which is equal to that of the world’s two largest hedge funds — Bridgewater Associates and AQM Capital Management — combined. Apple has 1 billion customers globally and, to date, has sold over 1.4 billion iPhone devices worldwide – giving it a huge scale and international distribution. It has also been reported by the FT that Apple has 420 million monthly subscribers  - Apple Music has overtaken Spotify, iCloud services and Apple TV (which has just had a relaunch). The subscription is going to be available for only $4.99 per month.
So, why would Apple wish to get involved in the financial services sector? Apple Pay was launched back in October 2014 and is available on 900 million iPhones worldwide, but only 43% (383 million people) are using it. However, it is currently available in 24 countries, being accessible to more potential users who follow the BNP Paribas Fortis’ alliance. Apple Card, too, has recently been launched (August 2019) and the credit card is available in a digital format, coming in as a titanium card which offers cashback of 3% if you buy Apple products. The card has built-in digital and facial recognition security and has been launched in conjunction with Goldman Sachs and Mastercard - interestingly promoting that customers’ data, in terms of their spending patterns and history, will not be stored or divulged. In a recent article from Forbes, it was calculated that if Apple were to receive just 20% of the likely revenue generated by the Apple Card then, by 2022, an additional $1.1 billion revenue could be generated for Apple. However, being in partnership with Goldman Sachs. Apple is also active in Asia  - it has been offering finance in China, teaming up with Alibaba to offer interest-free credit to buy an iPhone.
By 2022 the financial services sector is predicted to grow to $26.5 trillion (a CAGR 5.9%) and interestingly Accenture has found that, of 18-34 year old’s, “80% are interested in integrated propositions from financial providers and non-financial vendors and 87% of them state that their mobile devices are their principal device for transacting online. So, who better to turn to than a well-known global brand such as Apple?
The world economy is increasingly turning digital and mobile, which Apple (to a great extent) has enabled and encouraged with its iPhone, iPad and Mac, etc. So, it is no surprise that Apple filed a patent, back in 2009, which was granted in 2014 to use tokenisation on Apple’s devices. Was this little-known interest in tokenisation due to Jennifer Bailey, Vice President of Apple Pay, who recently told CNN “We’re watching cryptocurrency, we think it is interesting. We think it has long-term potential”.
Apple Tokens - If used by their 420 million...


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The decline in the use of cash on the high street has brewed up a $230 million a year ‘pick-me-up’ boost in profits p.a. for Starbucks.

There are over 55 million people in the USA who use an in-store mobile payment, and 40% will be using the Starbucks app.


Incredibly more people are using Starbucks mobile payments app than Apple or Google.


Starbucks is currently sitting on over $1.6 billion of its customers' cash (who themselves earn no interest, only a promise to be sold a cup of coffee). This means that Starbucks can use this cash to help finance its day to day operations and, given that the average cost of borrowing for Starbuck is 4.75%, this equates to $74 million of extra profits. On top of this, every year Starbucks recognizes that a portion of its pre-paid card value will be permanently lost. In 2018, the company wrote back 10% of its stored value balances which was worth $155 million, up from $60 million in 2016. Therefore, $155 million from right-back of prepaid cards and $74 million from interest rate savings, add up to an approximately 5% additional of profit (or $229 million), as a result of its customers not using cash.


If Starbucks were to issue its Digital Currency - ‘Starcoin’ - to encourage more people to use another form of prepaid payment method (say by being able to use a Starcoin in other retail outlets), then potentially it could help to boosts its profits even higher. 


There is also increasing pressure from retailers not to use cash as it has to be stored, guarded and accounted for. Cash is expensive to transport and is inherently insecure, with over $40 billion a year being lost just by U.S. retail businesses, due to theft. There are signs that cash is being used less and less in the USA. In 2017, even for a $10 to $24.99 purchase range, cash was replaced by debit cards. Furthermore, by getting customers to use a digital form of payment, it is possible to gather spending data (which in itself is very valuable) and can be monetised - as we have seen the likes of Facebook and Google do with much aplomb.


Indeed it is argued that data is now more valuable than oil. So maybe other retailers need to ‘wake up and smell the coffee’ and see how they can profit from digital currencies.

 

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There has been a considerable amount of attention regarding Facebook’s announcement of a multi-fiat currency backed Digital Currency, called Libra.

Binance, the world’s largest crypto-exchange based in Malta, has today announced its Venus stablecoin project, which is designed to develop stablecoins and Digital Assets linked/pegged to fiat currencies in different countries for local citizens to use. Binance is looking to engage with governments and multinational corporations to help them develop their Digital currencies using Blockchain technology. Binance has already launched  BGBP – which is a stablecoin ‘pegged’ to £ sterling.

Binance founder and CEO, Changpeng Zhao, said recently Binance doesn't want to dominate the stablecoin market with Venus, the goal with Venus is to boost crypto adoption, and the exchange's upcoming project can potentially help Facebook’s Libra”.

Facebook has set up a separate organisation in Switzerland and currently has 27 companies on an advisory board for Libra, including PayPal, Visa, Coinbase, Uber and Mastercard. Binance is going to adopt a similar governance structure to Facebook's but has not announced partners for Venus yet, it has said it is “looking to create new alliances and partnerships with governments, corporations, technology companies and other cryptocurrency companies and projects involved in the larger blockchain ecosystem”.

Another firm, active in offering a white-label service to create Digital Currencies backed by fiat, is New Alchemy, which itself helped over 80 organisations raise over $1,3 billion in ICOs. New Alchemy is using its experience and investor base to launch Digital Currencies and asset-backed Security Tokens (STOs).

Digital Currencies could be likened to the oil in an engine, in that they allow Smart Contracts to be used to transfer economic value i.e. payments using Blockchain platforms, thus by-passing traditional banks and many of the intermediaries, all of whom charge fees for their services.

Given the interest from governments and large companies, Binance may well find it is ‘pushing on an open door’.

 

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